General Management Theories.

 1.    General Management Theories.

Figure 1: General Management Theories. Source: (TechnoFunc, 2020).

 

1.1 Classical Organizational Theories

The goal of scientific management theory was to optimize individual workers and work processes. Classical organization theory supplemented scientific management during this time period by giving a foundation for structuring the organization. Henri Fayol, a French coal mine engineer, who is viewed as the father of “Modern Management Theories” (Ward, 2021), Lyndall Urwick (a British firm manager), and Max Weber, a German sociologist as well as a political economist (Mitzman, 2022), were the primary proponents of classical organization theory. 

Henri Fayol has identified 3 main management theories which are,

1.     The six industrial activities.

2.     The functions of management.

3.     The 14 principles of management.

 

1.1.1      The functions of management

According to Henri Fayol, five main functions can be identified within the managerial activities in an organization. They are as follows.

1.     Planning.

2.     Organizing.

3.     Directing.

4.     Staffing. 

5.     Control (Ward, 2021).

 

1.2 Scientific Management Theory (1890-1940)

The monograph “The Principles of Scientific Management” was published Frederick Winslow Taylor in 1911 an in it Taylor argued that defects in a given work process could be scientifically corrected by better management practices, and that the best approach to boost labor productivity was to optimize the manner in which the work was done (MasterClass staff, 2020).

 

Frederick Winslow Taylor bought into this approach, stating that every task of an organization should be well defined, measured, and determined "the one optimum way" to accomplish each job. Below shows, four principles identified in scientific management.

 

Figure 2: Principle of Scientific Management. Source: (TechnoFunc, 2020).

 

1.3 Bureaucratic Management Theory (1930-1950)

Max Weber created this notion by combining his scientific and bureaucratic theories. In his opinion, organizations should be divided into hierarchies to create a strong chain of power and control. In addition, the company should have a standard method in place for every activity they execute.


(Expert Program Management , 2019).


 

1.4 Human Relations Movement (1930- Present)

When the government and labor unions realized that these scientific and bureaucratic theories were dehumanizing, they began to pay more attention to individuals and their unique organizational capabilities, and they began to believe that the human is the most important power in the organization. All organizations began to have Human Resource Departments and as a result of this, Company Behavior Science became strong within organizations, assisting in the understanding of worker requirements and aligning them with organizational goals.

The evolution of Management Theories is shown below.

 

Figure 3: Evolution of Management Theories. Source: (Khokhar , 2019).

 

References

Bibliography

Ward, P., 2021. Management Theory of Henri Fayol: Summary, Examples. [Online] 
Available at: https://nanoglobals.com/glossary/henri-fayol-management-theory/
[Accessed 25 04 2022].

Mitzman, A., 2022. Max Weber. [Online] 
Available at: https://www.britannica.com/biography/Max-Weber-German-sociologist
[Accessed 25 04 2022].

MasterClass staff, 2020. Understanding Taylorism: The History of Scientific Management Theory. [Online] 
Available at: https://www.masterclass.com/articles/understanding-taylorism-the-history-of-scientific-management-theory
[Accessed 25 04 2022].

TechnoFunc, 2020. Management Theories. [Online] 
Available at: https://www.technofunc.com/index.php/leadership-skills-2/leadership-a-management/item/management-theories
[Accessed 25 04 2022].

TechnoFunc, 2020. Taylor’s Scientific Management. [Online] 
Available at: https://www.technofunc.com/index.php/leadership-skills-2/leadership-a-management/item/taylor-s-scientific-management
[Accessed 25 24 2022].

Khokhar , F., 2019. Different Management Theories like Scientific & Behavioural. [Online] 
Available at: https://www.teamstudy.com/resources/chapter-3-evolution-of-management-theory-hHH129ai
[Accessed 25 04 2022].

Expert Program Management , 2019. Bureaucratic Management Theory Explained (Max Weber). [Online] 
Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zmKZoIHwCw4
[Accessed 25 04 2022].

 

 

Comments

  1. Kawshi M. Perera ♥️May 6, 2022 at 8:37 AM

    Your explanation is really good Pasan but you have to add some practical part under this topic. Try to improve those areas.

    ReplyDelete
  2. MafazMay 6, 2022 at 7:39 PM

    A very good literature review on management theories. According to your analysis which one do you think will be more applicable to Sri Lankan organizations?

    ReplyDelete
  3. Amjad AboobakarMay 7, 2022 at 2:16 AM

    Nicely briefed on management theories, however it would be much nicer if you had touched on how it can impact a business organization or the employee motivation.

    ReplyDelete

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